Friday, October 9, 2015

Sun influence in Divorce, Marriage, Relationship Astrology

If we have to consciously breath.. i guess we will all have faced a situation when we would have forgotten to breath and would be in trouble :-). Like breathing we do lot of things subconsciously.. in some ways they are the habits that build up with time .. we don't think about it.. but just do it  like wise when we are in marriage we let our guards down and be who we are without any pretension.  For a marriage to work there are couple of following things that are needed .. some are subconscious influences which with habits we try to overcome.
  1. Love,Respect, Compromise for each other (Venus)
  2. Have no ego in relationship (Sun)
  3. Having a feeling of Disconnect (Ketu/South Node)
  4. Crazy in love & Relationships (Rahu /North Node)
  5. Aggression, argument and fighting  (Mars)
  6. Emotions, mind, imagination (Moon)
  7. Understanding things correctly (Mercury)
  8. Learning, teaching, higher wisdom  (Jupiter)
  9. Commitment and Duties (Saturn)
For this conversation we will consider Sun as a planet in relationship, its influences and how it can get us near a divorce if we don't understand it the subconscious influences and change our habits and approach in relationship. 

Since Sun is both planet of creativity they have good sense to create good art. Sun debilitation can makes a person weak in dealing in relationship, can have ego. Relationship makes their intelligence, independent and creative nature vulnerable and they compromise which is hard for them. They must learn to balance their creative needs with those of partner in order for the soul to growth.


Let's consider one by one how these are important..

A badly placed Sun can sometime make a person weak in relationship :  When Sun is not placed in a good house a person can have low self esteem in dealing with relationships. When we feel weak we cannot express ourselves or take the benefit of the relationship. The relationship may feel harder than it is due to our low self esteem and inability of dealing with it. We should always be confidant and try to balance and be expressive in a positive way for better relationship.

A bad dignity Sun can sometime make a person very egoist : High dignity planets are always adjusting and conscious of the surrounding. So most of the times things work out for them. It is when they are in tough dignities that they react to ego, anger and being irritated. Like wise when we keep ego in relationships we have tough time maintaining them. We should try to keep the ego out, but not let anyone take advantage of us.  There is a real need to have a balanced approach in relationships as they are long terms.

Sun is weak : When a person is too much interested in relationship then person can not focused in own relationship. the person is interested in more than one partner and this can be a cause for divorced.  I think we need to loyal and faithful in relationship and recognize what our partner needs,  if we ignore it we will only create a distance between partners. 



Other Relationship Articles

Thursday, October 1, 2015

Remedy Moon with Ketu (South Node) in Astrology




In astrology Moon is the mind, imagination, emotional response, peace, and mother. Moon is a very gentle planet, sensitive and caring planet. 


Ketu, or the South Node of the Moon, is the Rahu’s (North Node) opposite Node and they are the part of the same snake but works in the opposite way. They are both considered to be malefic. Ketu is the point in our subconscious mind where our past life memories are stored. Ketu is a karmic point in the horoscopes that indicate the main areas of life where a person has a lot of experience and needs to leave that area so that the person can move forward in life. When Ketu joins any planet in the chart it becomes very important in one's life. 


Ketu is the past life karmic knot in the birth chart, where the person needs to understand and resolve issues. Ketu is our inner parents who want perfection by scrutinising or focusing on the things. Generally its placement in the chart shows where we need to work to overcome our mind criticism. Ketu is an attenuator of the things, focusing on what we desire, illusion and it is our past lives. Ketu’s function is to cause inner turmoil, so that the soul will seek the true essence of life. Keu is chaos in life until the person leaves his/her desire. Ketu brings peace and enlightenment after suffering in life.


When the Moon and Ketu ( South Node) are in conjunction or together in the birth chart. Ketu attenuates the quality of the Moon. Ketu suckes the emotional nature of the Moon. Moon is the feminine planet, caring, affectionate and nourishing planet. Ketu diminishes all these qualities of the Moon.

 

Ketu is the spiritual world. It is the headless serpent, implying the perception and wisdom that is gut level knowing and that can give psychic abilities for the past when it conjunct with the Moon. But Ketu can give a feeling of helplessness, self-doubt, and lack of confidence. On the other hand these people are very mature about their emotions. They know how to control their emotions. But they control their emotions so much that it can create some emotional problems. Emotions should be released not to hold. These people are very sensitive and therefore restless. These people internalise their feelings and are non-reactive emotionally. Ketu is introverted. It shuts down the person towards outside worldly emotional drama. They don’t respond in an emotional way. Since Moon is mother in astrology the native relationship with mother can be a bit distant and stressful or mother life can be stressful. Ketu seems to take things away, diminish, or make invisible and that is why it’s more difficult to observe. Ultimately Ketu is supposed to relate to attaining enlightenment and saying no to worldly attachments. Ketu makes the native either want to go unnoticed, or circumstances make it so that that will be the case.


When Ketu and the Moon are in conjunction. The mind becomes isolated and feels separated from emotions of self and others. The person not able to understand why they are not feels happy with mother or not themselves. Ketu creates confusion for a person. The mind is full of unnecessary turmoil because of lack of understanding. The person is not able to see the direction and directionless. The person becomes very critical about their and others emotions. This makes them cranky. Since Ketu's job is to separate the person from the material plane. Usually Moon and the Ketu dasha allows the person to find his or her true self. Since the Moon represents the mother, the mother is also isolated and detached with her emotions towards the native. The mother might have been separated at birth for some reason. 


As Ketu works on the psychic level these people have some psychic influence on their mind. They may have attracted some negative energies and may experience some ghostly activities during their Ketu mahadasha depending on the placement of Ketu and Moon in certain houses. If they get chances to see a ghost generally they see headless ghosts. Generally ghosts affect more to those people who develop some kind of addictions like alcoholism or drugs. So therefore those people who have this conjunction need to be more careful not to fall prey to all these addictions. If a mother knows that her kid has this type of conjunction she needs to be more careful and try to keep the child in a good environment and teach not to hold their emotions rather they should know how to release their emotions and try to live in balance.


Depending on which sign this conjunction occurs, results can vary. If the Moon is weak and in conjunction with Ketu it can give more problems to the native. It can create fear, anxiety, and depression. Ketu is the past life experience, and when the Ketu conjunct with the Moon, there is always an emotional need to surrender and resolve the issue related to the Moon. The native thought process could be different from other people.Till their mid forties these people experienced many painful emotions. As they mature they learn how to release their emotions and live in balance.

Remedy of Moon with Ketu:

1. Moon is also represents the enjoyment of the present movement. Ketu works on the inner spiritual world. Ketu with the Moon will have a spiritualizing effect on it. Directing the planetary energy to look its essence. These people have a hard time focusing on something. They always wonder about the past. Therefore these people can have a restless mind. So these people need to learn meditations. So that they can stabilize their thoughts and learn to be happy in the present movement.


2. These people learn to enjoy nature and try to connect with nature. Try to purify the body by grounding, water therapy and enjoying their times with kids.


3. Developing good habits of eating and reducing negative thoughts also help them Ketu’s negative effect. Since Ketu sitting with Moon and Moon is mother in astrology the person needs to respect their mother and try to talk respectfully. Generally native need to talk politely with everyone.


4. If this conjunction is in the 8th house, then they should keep good relations with in-laws.


5. Wearing cold metals like silver keeps the mind cool. The native needs to wear a silver chain or any silver ornament.


6. Lehsunia (Cat's eye) is the stone of Ketu. Lehsunia is cold in nature so one should wear a Lehsunia ring on the middle finger to keep mind calm and cool. Rings should be made in cold metal like silver.


7. Lord Ganesha is the deity of Ketu. Lord Ganesh protects us and destroys our obstruction, fear, anger and darkness of life. By worshiping lord Ganesha, we can overcome obstruction in life. Once obstruction and fear is destroyed we automatically attain peace in our heart.


8. Ketu is the dark point so pouring milk on shivling on Saturday on a dark night calms down the Ketu. 


Wednesday, September 23, 2015

Jupiter in 12th House Career


Jupiter in the 12th house


In astrology as we know 12th house is considered a malefic house and if your 10th lord placed in 12th house is known as Dur Yoga means there can be trouble in your career. But there are many other career possibilities if the 10th lord is placed in the 12th house. Any sign, house, or planet that is associated with the 12th house or Pisces archetype can be expressed on a public or collective level through a profession.  It is important to understand, this does not mean that the Pisces archetype refers to a more glamorous or soulful career. Fame and glamour can surely be part of the Pisces archetype dynamic. We can also expect to find more accessible professions. Tapping  into a collective need through one’s profession can be done quite mundanely, in fact, this is more common than the glamorous expressions. So when Jupiter is in the 12th house what kind of career can you expect.


First we need to know what the 12th house is ? 12th house is the house of loss. This is the house where anyone can see you whether it is through the internet or through T. V. This is the house of foreign land, hospital, jail, ashram, non charitable institute, behind the scenes ( working in film industry), meditation, yoga, temples etc.


Now what is Jupiter ? Jupiter is the planet of luck, wisdom, higher knowledge of life, teachings, children, wealth and joy. All the good events occur because of the blessings of Jupiter. Jupiter is a very important planet in astrology because it represents many things in our life. 


Jupiter represents expansion, religion, belief, hope and long distance traveling, good work related with the society. Jupiter is creativity,  imagination,  inspiration, spirituality, fortune, purpose and direction of life.


Now you can mix both of them. If you have Pisces energy in 10th or 9th house or Jupiter rule your 10th house or Jupiter in the 12th house. The 10th house demonstrates how we are going to promote and manage our career, rather than the actual choice of career. Planets in the twelfth house are denied naturally in direct expression. Twelfth house shows hidden talents or qualities are found when they are brought from unconsciousness to consciousness through activities and perfected after realizing that you must develop them completely on your own. Jupiter being the Guru of the zodiac gives strong spiritual insight and an intelligence steeped in wisdom in 12th house. 


With Jupiter in the Twelfth House depending on the sign and dignity, working and general good fortune coming through spiritual work, literature, art, poetry, religion, stage and working behind the scene. The person can work in a meditation or spiritual center because they already have good wisdom about all these things. They can have any healing work or can  be working in a hospital. The 12th house is considered to be a karmic house so there could be a karma bound with you related to the Jupiter career of life. You may serve in temples, in public institutions or in asylum. 


Jupiter, a naturally spiritual and wise planet, gives ethical impulses in regards to these areas of life which is similar to Jupiter and 12th house. There could be a spiritual or religious nature that is expressed in a collective level so being a priest, Buddhist or monk. Obviously it's not just about having faith but it's also about knowledge. Jupiter in a 12th house can be teachers, you can also have a multicultural nature or have international businesses. The person could have any kind of job that relates working with new immigrants or working with the races. 


If Jupiter has Pisces sign with a Sagittarius mix:  Could be in publishing, sales, anthropology, entrepreneurship, higher education, mysticism, theology, and travel. 


If Jupiter have Pisces with Pisces  mix: Could be working in natural resources (oil, gas, gems); oceanography, climate-related professions, wildlife and nature, professions related to religion and spirituality, vacation industry (resorts, travel), public institutions ( health care, welfare), movie industry.




Sun in 12th House Career

Mercury in 12th House Career
Saturn in 12th House Career

 




Monday, September 14, 2015

Jupiter Venus and Sun Conjunction in Astrology


A Stellium is a grouping of a three or four planets in house and sign. Any grouping of planets in a sign or house creates intensity in the birth chart. According to the in which sign and in which house Stellium occur it give great impact on life. The power of triple conjunctions is a potent connection, called an aspect between planets in which planets stand close together and they blend their energies in each other. With so much energy concentrated in one place, there’s a more focus on the areas of life it represents. It identifies something special about you a complicated combination of issues, interests, and gifts that May be a major part of your life purpose. It is often a career indicator or it can be your passion. You probably have a strong sense of a mission, purpose, or a dream that fuels your efforts. Having a passion like this one can make life quite an adventure, a meaningful journey.

So what happen when Jupiter, Venus and sun comes together in one sign.

What is Jupiter: knowledge, wisdom, wealth, optimistic, hope, Spiritual seeker, dreamer, visionary, poet, artist, dedicated helper, creative, compassionate, intuitive, imaginative, empathetic, idealistic spiritual seeker, willing to serve, forgiving, accepting, devoted, meditative, non-materialistic and long distance travelling

What is Venus: Mediator, peacemaker, beautifier, networker, social coordinator, love, desire, relationship, sociable, charming, attractive, warm, adaptable, harmonious, refined, conciliatory, affectionate, agreeable, people skills, team player, likable, able to compromise.

What is Sun: Soul, ego, father, Authority, confidence, power within you, King or Queen, center of action, high visibility, charismatic, regal, dramatic, personable, sunny, generous, encouraging, positive, focused on self-expression and self-development.

So what happen when these planets comes in one sign or in one house.

This Conjunction is very positive conjunction unless Jupiter and Venus not combust with Sun.
 
Combust Planets in Astrology

Jupiter and Sun are friends in astrology and Venus is love. This conjunction makes person very generous, spiritually inclined and devoted in love. The Sun and Jupiter both brighten and expand the qualities of Venus. Its means the person is very charismatic and beautiful or handsome in looks. The person having grace and elegant in behaviour. most of the time these people inclined towards wisdom and spiritual type of relationship. A man will be attracted to a well educated, sunny, and spiritual woman, and vice versa. The person is good in making relationships with authoritative and spiritual people. Their have love for father, tradition, religion, and to other cultures as well. They are interested in all kind of artistic expression. They love to traveling and gaining knowledge through beauty, culture, and exploring various societies.

The person feel good when he or she in a relationship and they can get pleasure by knowledge and beliefs. These people are very hopeful and optimistic is great optimism and they are inspiring figures to others. They have good and loving relationship with father. The father is very loving and generous in nature and knows how to have fun while sharing his wisdom and philosophy with his children. This is a great conjunction for a government job, teacher, preacher, judge, guidance counselor, mystic, or artist.

The conjunction act differently according to their sign and house placement. The above conjunction mostly related with when these planets in good sign. With an intense focus on one house and sign of your chart, the person can grow a great deal through your experiences in those areas over the years. Over the course of a lifetime, the person can accumulate a considerable body of work in areas related to the house where conjunction fall. Several different kinds of energy are brought to bear on the matters of that house.

Here is an example; How this conjunction work in sign and house:

Let's say you are Pisces ascendant and this conjunction falls in 6th house. So Jupiter is your ascendant (1st) and career (10th ) house lord. Sun is your 6th house lord and Venus is your 8th and 3rd house lord in 6th house.


Whenever 8th lord in 6th house is known as vipreet rajyoga. when eighth Lord in the sixth house; The Sixth house is the most unpleasant house of life. Obstacle, debt, enemy, court, illness and many other unpleasant things of life. When eighth Lord in the sixth house, due to fear of something the native keeps themselves busy in 6th house things which give strength to him to fight with his fears. So the person have insight of 8th house and how to navigate the difficulty of life.

Sun in own sign in 6th house is very strong and have good strength to fight with 6th house difficulty. Because sun is with Jupiter so the person is very generous and hopeful in dealing with 6th house difficulty.

Jupiter as 1st and 10th lord in 6th house shows the person having career related with 6th house.

This is my brief description of how conjunction can be analysis. Many people think that 6th house is not good but that's not true. We all have have 6th house in life but what matter how we are dealing with it.

There is lot more that matters like aspects and etc.

Friday, September 11, 2015

Venus influence in Divorce, Marriage, Relationship Astrology

If we have to consciously breath.. i guess we will all have faced a situation when we would have forgotten to breath and would be in trouble :-). Like breathing we do lot of things subconsciously.. in some ways they are the habits that build up with time .. we don't think about it.. but just do it  like wise when we are in marriage we let our guards down and be who we are without any pretension.  For a marriage to work there are couple of following things that are needed .. some are subconscious influences which with habits we try to overcome.
  1. Love,Respect, Compromise for each other (Venus)
  2. Have no ego in relationship (Sun)
  3. Having a feeling of Disconnect (Ketu/South Node)
  4. Crazy in love & Relationships (Rahu /North Node)
  5. Aggression, argument and fighting  (Mars)
  6. Emotions, mind, imagination (Moon)
  7. Understanding things correctly (Mercury)
  8. Learning, teaching, higher wisdom  (Jupiter)
  9. Commitment and Duties (Saturn)
For this conversation we will consider Venus as a planet in relationship, its influences and how it can get us near a divorce if we don't understand it the subconscious influences and change our habits and approach in relationship. 

 Venus represents capacity to love, relationship, fulfillment of desire, luxury in life,  compromise to get happiness, dealings with people with balance, sensual pleasure like sex
 
Let's consider one by one how these are important..

Venus represents capacity to love, relationship: Venus is a planet of relationship and love and what are we willing to do for it.. If Venus is not in a good dignity (Venus in Virgo) then we are not willing to be flexible in love and relationships.. we are practical in nature and we are not caring enough for people and care about ourselves only.. which is not a good thing for relationship and cause people to move away from us.

Venus represents fulfillment of desire, luxury in life: When Venus is with malefic planet (Venus with Ketu) our desires are not fulfilled and we don't get what we want which cause us to be frustrated and mistreat people around us. Which is not good for the relationships. We should be loving and forgiving so that our desires and wishes in life to be fulfilled.

Venus represents sex & sensual pleasure:  Venus is a charmer imagine we are rude and don't want to indulge in sensual pleasure with our partner (Venus with Saturn). This is not helpful for a  relationship. In a relationship we should be a equal partner to be happy.



Other Relationship Articles

Disharmony(Problem/Unhappy) in Married Life Astrology






Wednesday, September 9, 2015

Saturn in 12th House Career




In astrology as we know 12th house consider malefic house and if your 10th lord placed in 12th house is known as Dur Yoga means there can be trouble in your career,  but there are many other career possibilities.  Any sign, house, or planet that is associated with the 12th house or Pisces archetype can be expressed on a public or collective level through a profession.  It is important to understand, this does not mean that the Pisces archetype refers to a more glamorous or soulful career. Fame and glamour can surely be part of the Pisces archetype dynamic. We can also expect to find the more accessible professions. Tapping  into a collective need through one’s profession can be done quite mundanely, in fact, this is more common than the glamorous expressions. So when Saturn in 12th house what kind of career we can expect.

First we need to know what is 12th house ? 12th house is the house of loss. This is the house of where anyone can see whether it is through internet or through T. V. This is the house of foreign land, hospital, jail, ashram, non charitable institute, behind the scene ( working in film industry), meditation, yoga, temples etc.

Now what is Saturn? Saturn represents integrity, boundaries, limits, structure, discipline, responsibility, and honor, Saturn is the planet of karma the rings around Saturn denote the limits, our karma and result of our actions. Saturn is the planet of time, it teaches us to live in present and in a simple way. Saturn teaches about harsh realities of life. It is the nature of Saturn to shatter our illusions around fear and make us grow up Saturn makes us mature.

Saturn rules  responsibilities, restrictions  and  limitations  you are  apt to  encounter and the lessons  you  must  learn in  life.  It  does  not  deny or  diminish  imagination,  inspiration, spirituality,  and  good  fortune but it does  demand  that  these things  be  given structure and  meaning

Now you mix the both of them and especially if you have pisces energy in 10th or 11th house or Saturn rule your 10th house or Saturn in 12th house. The 10th house demonstrates how we are going to promote and manage our career, rather than the actual choice of career. Planets in the twelfth house are denied natural, and direct expression. Twelfth house hidden talents or qualities are found when they are brought from unconsciousness to consciousness through activities and perfected after realizing that you must develop them completely on your own.

Saturn in the 12th house, can relates to legislation, one can be judges everything that has to do with public authority leading also can give leadership qualities.  Saturn in a 12th house with mars can be executive functioning a means one can be regulating traffic or even dealing with crime (12th house house of crime).  A Twelfth House Saturn suggests that your career or area of responsibility and work in seclusion, or for the care or education of others, perhaps in social work, hospitals, prisons, universities, humanitarian, and philanthropist type of work. The  nature of the person is reserved and inclined to solitude, with a desire to work in very simple way and not try to impress someone, unobserved, and live peacefully or alone.

If Saturn in Pisces sign with Capricorn in mix:  Could be politics, law and law enforcement, professions related to morality, mentoring, education, training, and architecture kind of profession. .

If Saturn in Pisces with Aquarius in mix: Could be all sciences, engineering, computer industry, Internet businesses, research and inventions, astrology and esoteric disciplines, professions that relate to community and organizations, human resources, social rights, mental health, monk and psychiatry related professions.

Sun in 12th House Career

Moon in 12th House Career
Mercury in 12th House Career

 


Friday, September 4, 2015

Moon influence in Divorce, Marriage, Relationship Astrology

If we have to consciously breath.. i guess we will all have faced a situation when we would have forgotten to breath and would be in trouble :-). Like breathing we do lot of things subconsciously.. in some ways they are the habits that build up with time .. we don't think about it.. but just do it  like wise when we are in marriage we let our guards down and be who we are without any pretension.  For a marriage to work there are couple of following things that are needed .. some are subconscious influences which with habits we try to overcome.
  1. Love,Respect, Compromise for each other (Venus)
  2. Have no ego in relationship (Sun)
  3. Having a feeling of Disconnect (Ketu/South Node)
  4. Crazy in love & Relationships (Rahu /North Node)
  5. Aggression, argument and fighting  (Mars)
  6. Emotions, mind, imagination (Moon)
  7. Understanding things correctly (Mercury)
  8. Learning, teaching, higher wisdom  (Jupiter)
  9. Commitment and Duties (Saturn)
For this conversation we will consider Moon as a planet in relationship, its influences and how it can get us near a divorce if we don't understand it the subconscious influences and change our habits and approach in relationship. 

Moon represents mind, emotions, peace and connection.
 
Let's consider one by one how these are important..

Moon represents mind : When mind is uneasy (Moon with Rahu or combust Moon) get's complicated. Mind is how we perceive what other person is saying and if we have a calm mind we are able to understand what is being said. Imagine if we cannot thing through what is being said and not have a stable mind.. this will cause havoc in a relationship. Meditation can help us calm our mind.

Moon represents emotions: When moon is not in a good dignity (debilitated Moon) we will not feel emotions of others ( Moon with Saturn) and will not have empathy which is a key to a successful marriage. We should try to be have empathy in relationship which can help us connect and prosper.

Moon represents peace: When we are at peace the world and the people around us look likable and beautiful.  When we are not at peace opposite is true.  Moon represents peace of mind , if moon is disconnected ( Moon with Ketu)  our peace of mind will be disturbed which directly effects our relationships. If understand your mind this can be very helpful in understanding your disconnected emotions and help in spiritual  practice. In this situation Meditation can help us calm our mind.



Other Relationship Articles

Disharmony(Problem/Unhappy) in Married Life Astrology






Living in the moment is Flow , Drishta /Observer Self Analysis

In Spirituality we have a state/concept about living in the moment. This is defined as ultimate happiness as we are into what we are doing and there is nothing else that is distracting.  As per the spirituality if we can live life "Living in the moment" we will have happiness. 

Some researcher have defined this as a "Flow" which delivers a focus and self immersion whenever we get so focused everything else disappears , for that to happen we need to have the building block of the moment so that it doesn't get interrupted.. so a level of competency is required to be in the flow state. 

One example my other passion is photography and I have been wanting to do it for so many years.  Around 2011 I decided that I will learn photography and be good at it. I spent long nights trying to understand the software, the camera capabilities and different  techniques. Once I was able to acquire the basic and little advance skills I was able to spend many hours and it was a joy to make people look good and bring smile on their faces. I would say I was in being in the moment / flow state.

To have the level of happiness I guess we need to know a good level of skills for what we are trying to do. 

In this case we will be only be happy with what we know.. but life is unknown we don't know what will come next so how can we be in the moment / flow probably the other way to look at life will be to start accepting what is coming our way and deal with it in a very thoughtful manner and appreciate the creation of universe. Even the things we don't like are the creation of this universe we need to accept whole heartedly with calmness and without loosing our balance. It is easier said than done.. but that is key to happiness.

In addition to the flow i think there is one more important aspect  which is  Mind & Body..

Mind has no limits and can have thoughts where as Body is limited and has constraints .. e.g it cannot jump very high , get's tired , can have lack of energy and focus.

For being happy our Mind and body needs to be in sync. Mind has to think rationally and body needs to gear-up to achieve what mind desires. If our mind is desiring lot more than a body can do then we need to make the body capable of achieving what it desires. The body needs to be fit, full of energy , flexible and healthy. With out it happiness is far away.. or we need to desire what our body can achieve. 

For the most successful people .. they have a very focused mind and they make the physical self to achieve what is desired.. Be it Steve Jobs , Bill Gates, Larry Ellison anyone who has pushed the limits to make this world a better place.

This is where the concept of Drishta /Observer comes into play. Mind is  the observer of  body and evaluate it's actions and well being. 

Become a Drishta and push limits of this body to achieve what you desire.

consult to understand your subconscious influnces